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Who Is Infertile?

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse in a women under the age of 35 yrs (for those women over 35 years of age it is six months duration ).

Infertility affects about one in seven couples of childbearing age.

Current statistics show that about 35% will be female related, 35% will be male related, 20% will be a combined problem and the remaining 10% will be unexplained

you have a condition or are facing medical treatment for a condition, that may affect your fertility.

pooling of sample in poor count

because of their careers,husband not available at the time of IUI which can be done using frozen sample and couple can plan their pregnancy

Sperm donors

Risk of injury or death

Risk factors

Many of the risk factors for both male and female infertility are the same. They include:

Age. Women's fertility gradually declines with age, especially in the mid-30s, and it drops rapidly after age 37. Infertility in older women is likely due to the lower number and quality of eggs, and can also be due to health problems that affect fertility. Men over age 40 may be less fertile than younger men.

Being overweight. Among American women, an inactive lifestyle and being overweight may increase the risk of infertility. For men, sperm count also may be affected by being overweight.

Being underweight. Women at risk of fertility problems include those with eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia, and those who follow a very low-calorie or restrictive diet.

Exercise issues. A lack of exercise contributes to obesity, which increases the risk of infertility. Less often, ovulation problems may be associated with frequent strenuous, intense exercise in women who are not overweight.

Tobacco use.Smoking tobacco or marijuana by either partner may reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. Smoking also reduces the possible effectiveness of fertility treatment. Miscarriages are more frequent in women who smoke. Smoking can increase the risk of erectile dysfunction and a low sperm count in men.

Alcohol use. For women, there's no safe level of alcohol use during conception or pregnancy. Alcohol use may contribute to infertility. For men, heavy alcohol use can decrease sperm count and motility.

Some types of infertility aren't preventable. But several strategies may increase your chances of pregnancy

Couples

Have regular intercourse several times around the time of ovulation for the highest pregnancy rate. Intercourse beginning at least five days before and until a day after ovulation improves your chances of getting pregnant. Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the cycle — halfway between menstrual periods — for most women with menstrual cycles about 28 days apart.

Men

Although most types of infertility aren't preventable in men, these strategies may help increase your chances of pregnancy.

Avoid drug and tobacco use and drinking too much alcohol,which may contribute to male infertility.

Avoid high temperatures found in hot tubs and hot baths, as they can temporarily affect sperm production and motility.

Avoid exposure to industrial or environmental toxins, which can affect sperm production.

Limit medications that may impact fertility, both prescription and nonprescription drugs. Talk with your doctor about any medications you take regularly, but don't stop taking prescription medications without medical advice.

Exercise moderately.Regular exercise may improve sperm quality and increase the chances for achieving a pregnancy.

Women

For women, a number of strategies may increase the chances of becoming pregnant:

Limit caffeine. . Women trying to get pregnant may want to limit caffeine intake. Ask your doctor for guidance on the safe use of caffeine.

Exercise moderately. Regular exercise is important, but exercising so intensely that your periods are infrequent or absent can affect fertility.

Avoid weight extremes.Being overweight or underweight can affect your hormone production and cause infertility.

Quit TobaccoTobacco has many negative effects on fertility, not to mention your general health and the health of a fetus.

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Male Infertility

What is male infertility? Having a baby is generally a simple and natural experience. However, for some couples it can be difficult to conceive a child.

Generally speaking, infertility in men is related to issues with the following:

Effective production of sperm

Sperm count, or the number of sperm

Shape of the sperm

movement of the sperm, which includes both the wiggling motion of the sperm themselves and the transport of the sperm through the tubes of the male reproductive system

There are a variety of risk factors, medical conditions, and medications that can also affect fertility

Risk factors

Risk factors associated with infertility in men include, but aren’t limited to:

older age.

Smoking cigarettes.

Heavy alcohol consumption can reduce the production of sperm.

being overweight or obese.

Envoirnmental toxins -exposure to toxins, such as pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals.

Medical conditions

Some examples of medical conditions that can cause male infertility include:

Retrograde ejaculation.

Varicocele, or the swelling of the veins around the testicles.

varicoceles raise the temperature in the testicles, which may affect the production of sperm, as well as sperm movement and/or shape.

Testicles that haven’t descended into the scrotum,hernia

Previous infections, including childhood infections such as mumps

Having antibodies that attack your sperm and destroy them

A hormonal imbalance, such as low testosterone production

Medications and drugs

Various medications and drugs can also affect male fertility, such as:

chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which are used for cancer.

sulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Azulfidine EN-Tabs), which is used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ulcerative colitis (UC).

calcium channel blockers, which are used for high blood pressure.

The bottom line

Any of these things, or even a combination of them, could lead to infertility in men.

Treatment

Often, an exact cause of infertility can't be found. Even if an exact cause isn't clear, your doctor might be able to recommend treatments or procedures that will lead to conception

Treatments for male infertility include:

Treatments for sexual intercourse problems.Medication or counseling can help improve fertility in conditions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation.

Surgery.For example, a varicocele can often be surgically corrected or an obstructed vas deferens repaired. Prior vasectomies can be reversed. In cases where no sperm are present in the ejaculate, sperm can often be retrieved directly from the testicles or epididymis using sperm retrieval techniques.

Hormone treatments and medications. Your doctor might recommend hormone replacement or medications in cases where infertility is caused by high or low levels of certain hormones or problems with the way the body uses hormones.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART).ART treatments involve obtaining sperm through normal ejaculation, surgical extraction or from donor individuals, depending on your specific case and wishes. The sperm are then inserted into the female genital tract, or used to perform in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

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